Polar coding method and apparatus

ABSTRACT

This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a polar coding/decoding method and apparatus, to improve sequence lookup efficiency. The method includes: obtaining a first sequence from a polar code construction sequence table based on a coding parameter, where the polar code construction sequence table includes at least one coding parameter and at least one sequence corresponding to the at least one coding parameter, the coding parameter is mapped to the sequence in a one-to-one manner, the first sequence is one of the at least one sequence; and selecting serial numbers of K polarized channels from the first sequence based on a rate matching scheme and/or a reliability order, placing to-be-coded bits based on the selected serial numbers of the K polarized channels, and performing polar coding, to obtain a coded bit sequence.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/322,529, filed on May 17, 2021, which is a continuation ofInternational Patent Application PCT/CN2019/112714, filed on Oct. 23,2019, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201811363673.8, filed on Nov. 16, 2018. All of the aforementioned patentapplications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communicationtechnologies, and in particular, to a polar coding method and apparatus.

BACKGROUND

As the most basic radio access technology, channel coding plays animportant role in ensuring reliable data transmission. In an existingwireless communication system, the channel coding is generally performedby using a turbo code, a low density parity check (LDPC) code, and apolar code. The turbo code cannot support information transmission thatis performed at an excessively low or high bit rate. However, fortransmission of medium-size and short packets, it is difficult for theturbo code and the LDPC code to achieve ideal performance in a limitedcode length due to coding/decoding characteristics of the turbo code andthe LDPC code. In terms of implementation, the turbo code and the LDPCcode have relatively high calculation complexity in a coding/decodingimplementation process. The polar code is a good code that hasrelatively simple coding and decoding complexity, and it istheoretically proved that a Shannon capacity can be obtained if codingis performed by using the polar code. Therefore, the polar code isincreasingly widely applied.

However, with rapid evolution of the wireless communication system,communication systems such as a 5th generation (5G) communication systemwill have some new characteristics. For example, the most typical threecommunication scenarios include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB),massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliablelow-latency communication (URLLC). These communication scenarios imposehigher requirements on coding/decoding performance of the polar code.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of this application provide a polar coding method andapparatus, to reduce an operation delay in obtaining a first sequenceused for polar coding.

Specific technical solutions provided in the embodiments of thisapplication are as follows:

According to a first aspect, a polar coding method is provided. A codingapparatus obtains a first sequence from a polar code constructionsequence table based on a coding parameter, where the polar codeconstruction sequence table includes at least one coding parameter andat least one sequence corresponding to the at least one codingparameter, the at least one coding parameter is mapped to the at leastone sequence in a one-to-one manner, the first sequence is one of the atleast one sequence, the first sequence includes serial numbers ofpolarized channels and the serial numbers are arranged in ascending ordescending order of reliability of the polarized channels, thereliability of the polarized channels corresponds to the serial numbersof the polarized channels, and the coding parameter includes at leastone of a mother code length, a quantity of to-be-coded information bits,and a quantity of bits obtained after rate matching; placing to-be-codedbits based on serial numbers of K polarized channels determined based onthe first sequence, and performing polar coding on the to-be-coded bits,to obtain a coded bit sequence, where the serial numbers of the Kpolarized channels determined based on the first sequence are determinedbased on a rate matching scheme and/or a reliability order. Comparedwith an existing solution, the present disclosure provides a solution ofdirectly selecting the first sequence from a prestored sequence, so thatan operation of performing nested reading in a maximum mother codesequence stored in a system is omitted, thereby reducing an operationdelay.

In a possible design, the first sequence includes serial numbers of Lpolarized channels, L is a positive integer, L is equal to K or N, N isa mother code length of a polar code, N=2^(n), n is a positive integer,K is a quantity of the to-be-coded bits, and K is less than or equal toN; or the first sequence includes the serial numbers of the K polarizedchannels, and K is a positive integer.

In a possible design, a length of the first sequence used for polarcoding of a PBCH channel is 56, serial numbers in the first sequence arearranged in ascending order of reliability, the serial numbers that areof the polarized channels and that correspond to the first sequencestart from 0, and the first sequence is stored as [441, 469, 247, 367,253, 375, 444, 470, 483, 415, 485, 473, 474, 254, 379, 431, 489, 486,476, 439, 490, 463, 381, 497, 492, 443, 382, 498, 445, 471, 500, 446,475, 487, 504, 255, 477, 491, 478, 383, 493, 499, 502, 494, 501, 447,505, 506, 479, 508, 495, 503, 507, 509, 510, 511]. It should be notedthat, the foregoing sequence may be alternatively stored as [247, 253,254, 255, 367, 375, 379, 381, 382, 383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444,445, 446, 447, 463, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479,483, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499,500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a naturalorder. Polarized channels whose serial numbers are [446, 478, 487, 490,491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505,506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] are used to place cyclic redundancy check(CRC) bits.

In a possible design, the first sequence is all or a subsequence of asecond sequence, where the second sequence includes serial numbers ofN_(max) polarized channels, the serial numbers of the N_(max) polarizedchannels are arranged in the second sequence in ascending or descendingorder of reliability of the N_(max) polarized channels, N_(max) is apositive integer, N_(max) is greater than or equal to N, and areliability order of the serial numbers of the polarized channels in thefirst sequence is consistent with a reliability order of serial numbers,of polarized channels, less than N in the second sequence.

In a possible design, the first sequence may be a part or all of anysequence shown in a sequence Q1 to a sequence Q6 in the specification,and serial numbers of N polarized channels in the first sequence arearranged in ascending order of reliability of the N polarized channels,and a minimum value of the serial numbers of the polarized channels is0.

In a possible design, the first sequence is a part or all of anysequence shown in a table Q1 to a table Q6 in the specification, andserial numbers of N polarized channels in the first sequence arearranged in ascending order of reliability of the N polarized channels,and a minimum value of the serial numbers of the polarized channels is0.

According to a second aspect, a polar code decoding method is provided.A decoding apparatus obtains to-be-decoded bits; the decoding apparatusobtains a first sequence from a polar code construction sequence tablebased on a decoding parameter, where the polar code constructionsequence table includes at least one decoding parameter and at least onesequence corresponding to the at least one decoding parameter, the atleast one decoding parameter is mapped to the at least one sequence in aone-to-one manner, the first sequence is one of the at least onesequence, the first sequence includes serial numbers of polarizedchannels and is arranged in ascending or descending order of reliabilityof the polarized channels, the reliability of the polarized channelscorresponds to the serial numbers of the polarized channel, and thedecoding parameter includes at least one of a mother code length, aquantity of to-be-decoded bits, and a quantity of bits obtained afterrate matching; and performing polar decoding on the to-be-decoded bitsbased on serial numbers of K polarized channels determined based on thefirst sequence, to obtain the K to-be-decoded information bits, wherethe serial numbers of the K polarized channels determined based on thefirst sequence are determined based on a rate matching scheme and/or areliability order.

In a possible design, the first sequence includes serial numbers of Lpolarized channels, L is a positive integer, L is equal to K or N, N isa mother code length of a polar code, N=2^(n), n is a positive integer,K is a quantity of the to-be-decoded information bits, and K is lessthan or equal to N.

In a possible design, the second sequence includes serial numbers of Npolarized channels, the serial numbers of the N polarized channels arearranged in the second sequence in ascending or descending order ofreliability of the N polarized channels.

In a possible design, the first sequence is a part or all of anysequence shown in a sequence Q1 to a sequence Q6 in the specification,and serial numbers of N polarized channels in the first sequence arearranged in ascending order of reliability of the N polarized channels,and a minimum value of the serial numbers of the polarized channels is0.

In a possible design, the first sequence is a part or all of anysequence shown in a table Q1 to a table Q6 in the specification, andserial numbers of N polarized channels in the first sequence arearranged in ascending order of reliability of the N polarized channels,and a minimum value of the serial numbers of the polarized channels is0.

In a possible design, the first sequence and/or the second sequence isprestored.

In a possible design, the first sequence is used for polar coding of aPBCH channel, and is stored as [247, 253, 254, 255, 367, 375, 379, 381,382, 383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 463, 469, 470,471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 483, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490,491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505,506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a natural order, where the serialnumbers that are of the polarized channels and that correspond to thefirst sequence start from 0.

In a possible design, polarized channels whose serial numbers are [446,478, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502,503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in the first sequence areused to place cyclic redundancy check bits.

In a possible design, the serial numbers of the N polarized channels are0 to (N−1) or 1 to N.

In a possible design, the K to-be-decoded bits include cyclic redundancycheck bits.

In a possible design, the K to-be-decoded bits include parity checkbits.

According to a third aspect, a polar coding apparatus is provided. Theapparatus has functions of implementing the method according to any oneof the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect. Thefunctions may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented byhardware by executing corresponding software. The hardware or thesoftware includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoingfunctions.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby hardware, the polar coding apparatus includes an input interfacecircuit, configured to obtain to-be-coded bits; a logic circuit,configured to perform the behavior described in any one of the firstaspect and the possible designs of the first aspect; and an outputinterface circuit, configured to output a coded bit sequence.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby software, the polar coding apparatus includes: a memory, configuredto store a program; and a processor, configured to execute the programstored in the memory. When the program is executed, the polar codingapparatus may implement the method in any one of the first aspect andthe possible designs of the first aspect.

Optionally, the memory may be a physically independent unit, or may beintegrated with the processor.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby software, the polar coding apparatus includes a processor. A memoryconfigured to store a program is located outside the coding apparatus.The processor is connected to the memory by using a circuit/wire, and isconfigured to read and execute the program stored in the memory.

According to a fourth aspect, a polar code decoding apparatus isprovided. The apparatus has functions of implementing the method in anyone of the second aspect or the possible designs of the second aspect.The functions may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented byhardware by executing corresponding software. The hardware or thesoftware includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoingfunctions.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby hardware, the polar code decoding apparatus includes an inputinterface circuit, configured to obtain to-be-decoded bits; a logiccircuit, configured to perform the behavior described in any one of thesecond aspect and the possible designs of the second aspect; and anoutput interface circuit, configured to output a sequence of K decodedinformation bits.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby software, the polar code decoding apparatus includes: a memory,configured to store a program; and a processor, configured to executethe program stored in the memory. When the program is executed, thepolar code decoding apparatus may implement the method in any one of thesecond aspect and the possible designs of the second aspect.

Optionally, the memory may be a physically independent unit, or may beintegrated with the processor.

In a possible design, when some or all of the functions are implementedby software, the polar code decoding apparatus includes a processor. Amemory configured to store a program is located outside the decodingapparatus. The processor is connected to the memory by using acircuit/wire, and is configured to read and execute the program storedin the memory.

According to a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided. Thecommunication system includes a network device and a terminal. Thenetwork device or the terminal may perform the method according to anyone of the first aspect and the possible designs of the first aspect.

According to a sixth aspect, a communication system is provided. Thecommunication system includes a network device and a terminal. Thenetwork device or the terminal may perform the method according to anyone of the second aspect and the possible designs of the second aspect.

According to a seventh aspect, a computer storage medium is provided.The computer storage medium stores a computer program, and the computerprogram includes instructions used to perform the method according toany one of the third aspect or the possible designs of the third aspect.

According to an eighth aspect, a computer storage medium is provided.The computer storage medium stores a computer program, and the computerprogram includes instructions used to perform the method according toany one of the fourth aspect or the possible designs of the fourthaspect.

According to a ninth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa computer program product including instructions. When the instructionsare run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method inthe foregoing aspects.

According to a tenth aspect, a wireless device is provided. The wirelessdevice includes a coding apparatus configured to implement any one ofthe first aspect and the possible designs of the first aspect, amodulator, and a transceiver.

The modulator is configured to modulate a coded bit sequence to obtain amodulated sequence.

The transceiver is configured to send the modulated sequence.

In a possible design, the wireless device is a terminal or a networkdevice.

According to an eleventh aspect, a wireless device is provided. Thewireless device includes a decoding apparatus configured to implementany one of the second aspect and the possible designs of the secondaspect, a demodulator, and a transceiver.

The transceiver is configured to receive a modulated sequence.

The demodulator is configured to demodulate the modulated sequence toobtain a to-be-decoded sequence.

In a possible design, the wireless device is a terminal or a networkdevice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture towhich an embodiment of this application is applied;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a polar coding method according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 3 is a first schematic structural diagram of a polar codingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of a polar codingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is a third schematic structural diagram of a polar codingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of a polar codingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a polar code decoding methodaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a first schematic structural diagram of a polar code decodingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of a polar code decodingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a third schematic structural diagram of a polar code decodingapparatus according to an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 11 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of a polar codedecoding apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

A reliability order of polarized channels plays an important role inpolar coding/decoding performance. In an existing technical solution,during obtaining of a construction sequence used for polar coding, aconstruction sequence with a target code length can be read from aprestored longest mother code sequence only based on a nestingcharacteristic. This step causes extra operation overheads. Consideringthis, a new technical solution may be designed to reduce an operationdelay.

The following describes in detail embodiments of this application withreference to accompanying drawings.

The embodiments of this application provide a polar coding method andapparatus, to obtain a reliability order based on reliability ofpolarized channels, select, based on the reliability order, serialnumbers of polarized channels used to send information bits, and performpolar coding based on the selected serial numbers of the polarizedchannels. Based on the embodiments of this application, reliability ofeach polar code subchannel can be more accurately calculated. Thefollowing describes in detail the coding method and apparatus providedin the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, apolar code is briefly described below.

A coding policy of the polar code is to transmit information useful to auser through a noiseless channel, and transmit agreed informationthrough a pure noisy channel, or transmit no information through a purenoisy channel. The polar code is a linear block code. A coding matrix ofthe polar code is G_(N), and a coding process is x₁ ^(N)=u₁ ^(N)G_(N).u₁ ^(N=(u) ₁, u₂, . . . , u_(N)) is a binary row vector with a length ofN (code length), G_(N) is a matrix of N×N, and G_(N)=F₂ ^(⊗(log) ²^(2(N))). F₂ ^(⊗(log) ² ^((N))) is defined as a Kronecker product oflog₂N matrices F₂. The foregoing matrix

$F_{2} = {\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 1\end{bmatrix}.}$

In the coding process of the polar code, one part of bits in u₁ ^(N) areused to carry information, and are referred to as a set of informationbits, where a set of indexes of the bits is denoted as A; and anotherpart of bits are set to a fixed value agreed upon between a receive endand a transmit end in advance, and are referred to as a set of fixedbits or a set of frozen bits, where a set of indexes of the bits isindicated by a complementary set A^(c) of A. The coding process of thepolar code is equivalent to x₁ ^(N)=u_(A)G_(N) (A)⊕u_(A) _(c)G_(N)(A^(C)). Herein, G_(N)(A) is a submatrix that is of G_(N) and thatincludes rows corresponding to the indexes in the set A, andG_(N)(A^(C)) is a submatrix that is of G_(N) and that includes rowscorresponding to the indexes in the set A^(c). u_(A) is a set that is ofinformation bits and that is in u₁ ^(N), and a quantity of theinformation bits is K. Usually, various types of check bits includingbut not limited to a CRC bit and a parity check (PC) bit are alsoincluded in the set of information bits. u_(A) _(c) u_(A) _(c) , is aset that is of fixed bits and that is in u₁ ^(N), a quantity of thefixed bits is (N-K), and the fixed bits are known bits. These fixed bitsare generally set to 0. However, the fixed bits may be set randomlyprovided that the receive end and the transmit end have agreed inadvance. Therefore, a coding output of the polar code may be simplifiedas x₁ ^(N)=u_(A)G_(N)(A). Herein, u_(A) is the set that is ofinformation bits and that is in u₁ ^(N), and u_(A) is a row vector witha length of K, to be specific, |A|=K. |·| indicates a quantity ofelements in the set, K is an information block size, G_(N)(A) is asubmatrix that is of the matrix G_(N) and that includes the rowscorresponding to the indexes in the set A, and G_(N)(A) is a matrix ofK×N.

A construction process of the polar code is a selection process of theset A, and determines performance of the polar code. The constructionprocess of the polar code is usually as follows: It is determined, basedon a mother code length N, that there are N polarized channels in totalcorresponding to N rows of a coding matrix respectively. Reliability ofthe polarized channels is calculated. Indexes of first K polarizedchannels with relatively high reliability are used as elements of theset A, and indexes corresponding to remaining (N-K) polarized channelsare used as elements of the set A c of the indexes of the fixed bits.The set A determines locations of the information bits, and the set A cdetermines locations of the fixed bits. A serial number of a polarizedchannel is a location index of an information bit or a fixed bit, thatis, a location index in u₁ ^(N).

The solution provided in the embodiments of this application relates tohow to determine reliability of a polarized channel. A basic inventiveidea of the embodiments of this application is as follows: Thereliability of the polarized channel may be represented by usingreliability, and a construction sequence that represents the reliabilitymay be quickly obtained through table lookup, thereby reducing theoperation delay.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communicationnetwork 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1is only an example. Any other wireless network that can use the codingmethod or apparatus in the embodiments of the present disclosure fallswithin the protection scope of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the wireless communication network 100 includes anetwork device 110 and a terminal 112. When the wireless communicationnetwork 100 includes a core network 102, the network device 110 may befurther connected to the core network 102. The network device 110 mayfurther communicate with an IP network 104, for example, the Internet, aprivate IP network, or another data network. The network device providesa service for a terminal in coverage. For example, referring to FIG. 1 ,the network device 110 provides radio access for one or more terminals112 within coverage of the network device 110. In addition, there may bean overlapping area between coverage of network devices, for example,the network device 110 and a network device 120. The network devices mayfurther communicate with each other. For example, the network device 110may communicate with the network device 120.

The network device may be a device configured to communicate with aterminal device. For example, the network device may be a basetransceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM) system or a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, may be aNodeB (NB) in a wideband CDMA (WCDMA) system, or may be an evolved NodeB(eNB or eNodeB) in an Long Term Evolution (LTE) system or a network sidedevice in a 5G network. Alternatively, the network device may be a relaystation, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, or the like. In adevice-to-device (D2D) communication system, the network device mayalternatively be a terminal that functions as a base station.

The terminal may be user equipment (UE), an access terminal, asubscriber unit, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal,a mobile device, a user terminal, a wireless communication device, auser agent, or a user apparatus. The access terminal may be a cellularphone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, awireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), ahandheld device having a wireless communication function, a computingdevice, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, avehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5Gnetwork, or the like. Based on the communication system architectureshown in FIG. 1 , in the embodiments of this application, the polarcoding method may be performed by the foregoing network device orterminal. When the network device or the terminal serves as a transmitend to send data or information, the polar coding method may be used.Correspondingly, when the network device or the terminal serves as areceive end to receive data or information, a subchannel sequence needsto be first determined according to the method described in the presentdisclosure. The following describes in detail the polar coding methodprovided in the embodiments of this application.

Based on the communication system architecture shown in FIG. 1 , asshown in FIG. 2 , a specific procedure of the polar coding methodprovided in the embodiments of this application is described as follows.

Step 201: Obtain a first sequence used to code K to-be-coded bits.

The first sequence includes serial numbers of L polarized channels, L isa positive integer, L is equal to K or N, N is a mother code length of apolar code, N=2^(n), n is a positive integer, K is a quantity of theto-be-coded bits, and K is less than or equal to N.

Step 202: Select serial numbers of K polarized channels from the firstsequence based on a rate matching scheme and/or a reliability order.When the rate matching scheme is puncturing, selecting the serialnumbers of the K polarized channels from the first sequence based on therate matching scheme and the reliability order is selecting, from thefirst sequence, serial numbers of K polarized channels with highestreliability other than a polarized channel corresponding to a serialnumber of a punctured bit and a pre-frozen polarized channel. When therate matching scheme is shortening, selecting the serial numbers of theK polarized channels from the first sequence based on the rate matchingscheme and the reliability order is selecting, from the first sequence,serial numbers of K polarized channels with highest reliability otherthan a polarized channel corresponding to a shortened bit. In practice,there may be some other polarized channels that need to be pre-frozen.In this case, during selecting of polarized channels corresponding tothe K information bits, these pre-frozen polarized channels do not needto be considered.

Step 203: Place the to-be-coded bits based on the selected serialnumbers of the K polarized channels, and perform polar coding on theto-be-coded bits.

Optionally, the first sequence is all or a subsequence of a secondsequence, where the second sequence includes serial numbers of N_(max)polarized channels, the serial numbers of the N_(max) polarized channelsare arranged in the second sequence in ascending or descending order ofreliability of the N_(max) polarized channels, N_(max) is a positiveinteger, N_(max) is greater than or equal to N, and a reliability orderof the serial numbers of the polarized channels in the first sequence isconsistent with a reliability order of serial numbers, of polarizedchannels, less than N in the second sequence. Therefore, only the secondsequence corresponding to N_(max) may be prestored, or a plurality ofpossible first sequences may be prestored.

Optionally, rate matching is performed, based on a target code length,on the sequence obtained after the polar coding.

According to the coding method provided in this embodiment, after theinformation bits that are input are received, the quantity K of theto-be-coded bits is determined based on the target code length N of thepolar code. If the second sequence is known, regardless of whether thesecond sequence is calculated online or pre-calculated and prestored,the first sequence may be obtained from the second sequence. WhenN_(max)=N, the second sequence is the first sequence. The secondsequence includes a reliability order of a maximum code length N_(max)of polarized channels supported by a communication system. Optionally,the first sequence may be obtained from the prestored second sequence,then the information bits are determined based on the first sequence,and finally polar coding is performed on the K to-be-coded bits, toobtain a bit sequence obtained after the polar coding. Alternatively, aplurality of possible first sequences may be directly prestored, so thata corresponding first sequence can be directly selected based on N or K.In this way, the first sequence can be determined more quickly, andsequences corresponding to N do not need to be read in a nested mannerbased on the sequences corresponding to N_(max), thereby improvingefficiency.

The following describes a sequence of serial numbers that are ofpolarized channels and that are obtained based on a reliability order ofan i^(th) polarized channel in the N (or N_(max)) polarized channels.The serial numbers of the N polarized channels may be 0 to (N−1), or maybe 1 to N. In this embodiment of this application, during determining ofthe reliability of the i^(th) polarized channel in the N polarizedchannels, a value of i may be 1, 2, . . . , or N, or may be 0, 1, . . ., or N−1.

It may be understood that the formulas in the embodiments of thisapplication are merely examples, and all solutions obtained by personsskilled in the art based on a simple variation of the formulas withoutaffecting performance of the formulas shall fall within the protectionscope of the embodiments of this application.

For a specific example sequence, refer to the following sequences. Thefirst sequence may be a part or all of any sequence shown in a sequenceQ1 to a sequence Q6. These sequences may be represented by usingcorresponding tables Q1 to Q6. “Reliability or reliability serialnumbers” are natural sequences with reliability in ascending order, theserial number of the polarized channel is a serial number that is of apolarized channel and that is in a corresponding sequence. The “part”herein has three different meanings:

(1) The length N of the first sequence is not 2 to the power of apositive integer, but the code lengths in the given examples are 2 tothe power of a positive integer. Therefore, the first sequence can onlybe a part of any sequence shown in the sequence Q1 to the sequence Q6.

(2) Alternatively, if N_(coding device) supported by a coding device isless than N_(protocol) specified in a protocol, only N_(coding device)in any sequence shown in the sequence Q1 to the sequence Q6 needs to beextracted.

(3) Alternatively, a part of an actually used sequence whose length is Nis consistent with a part of any sequence shown in the sequence Q1 tothe sequence Q6.

Sequence Q1: A sequence length is 1024:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 3, 5, 64, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 128, 12, 33, 65, 20,256, 34, 24, 36, 7, 129, 66, 512, 11, 40, 68, 130, 19, 13, 48, 14, 72,257, 21, 132, 35, 258, 26, 513, 80, 37, 25, 22, 136, 260, 264, 38, 514,96, 67, 41, 144, 28, 69, 42, 516, 49, 74, 272, 160, 520, 288, 528, 192,544, 70, 44, 131, 81, 50, 73, 15, 320, 133, 52, 23, 134, 384, 76, 137,82, 56, 27, 97, 39, 259, 84, 138, 145, 261, 29, 43, 98, 515, 88, 140,30, 146, 71, 262, 265, 161, 576, 45, 100, 640, 51, 148, 46, 75, 266,273, 517, 104, 162, 53, 193, 152, 77, 164, 768, 268, 274, 518, 54, 83,57, 521, 112, 135, 78, 289, 194, 85, 276, 522, 58, 168, 139, 99, 86, 60,280, 89, 290, 529, 524, 196, 141, 101, 147, 176, 142, 530, 321, 31, 200,90, 545, 292, 322, 532, 263, 149, 102, 105, 304, 296, 163, 92, 47, 267,385, 546, 324, 208, 386, 150, 153, 165, 106, 55, 328, 536, 577, 548,113, 154, 79, 269, 108, 578, 224, 166, 519, 552, 195, 270, 641, 523,275, 580, 291, 59, 169, 560, 114, 277, 156, 87, 197, 116, 170, 61, 531,525, 642, 281, 278, 526, 177, 293, 388, 91, 584, 769, 198, 172, 120,201, 336, 62, 282, 143, 103, 178, 294, 93, 644, 202, 592, 323, 392, 297,770, 107, 180, 151, 209, 284, 648, 94, 204, 298, 400, 608, 352, 325,533, 155, 210, 305, 547, 300, 109, 184, 534, 537, 115, 167, 225, 326,306, 772, 157, 656, 329, 110, 117, 212, 171, 776, 330, 226, 549, 538,387, 308, 216, 416, 271, 279, 158, 337, 550, 672, 118, 332, 579, 540,389, 173, 121, 553, 199, 784, 179, 228, 338, 312, 704, 390, 174, 554,581, 393, 283, 122, 448, 353, 561, 203, 63, 340, 394, 527, 582, 556,181, 295, 285, 232, 124, 205, 182, 643, 562, 286, 585, 299, 354, 211,401, 185, 396, 344, 586, 645, 593, 535, 240, 206, 95, 327, 564, 800,402, 356, 307, 301, 417, 213, 568, 832, 588, 186, 646, 404, 227, 896,594, 418, 302, 649, 771, 360, 539, 111, 331, 214, 309, 188, 449, 217,408, 609, 596, 551, 650, 229, 159, 420, 310, 541, 773, 610, 657, 333,119, 600, 339, 218, 368, 652, 230, 391, 313, 450, 542, 334, 233, 555,774, 175, 123, 658, 612, 341, 777, 220, 314, 424, 395, 673, 583, 355,287, 183, 234, 125, 557, 660, 616, 342, 316, 241, 778, 563, 345, 452,397, 403, 207, 674, 558, 785, 432, 357, 187, 236, 664, 624, 587, 780,705, 126, 242, 565, 398, 346, 456, 358, 405, 303, 569, 244, 595, 189,566, 676, 361, 706, 589, 215, 786, 647, 348, 419, 406, 464, 680, 801,362, 590, 409, 570, 788, 597, 572, 219, 311, 708, 598, 601, 651, 421,792, 802, 611, 602, 410, 231, 688, 653, 248, 369, 190, 364, 654, 659,335, 480, 315, 221, 370, 613, 422, 425, 451, 614, 543, 235, 412, 343,372, 775, 317, 222, 426, 453, 237, 559, 833, 804, 712, 834, 661, 808,779, 617, 604, 433, 720, 816, 836, 347, 897, 243, 662, 454, 318, 675,618, 898, 781, 376, 428, 665, 736, 567, 840, 625, 238, 359, 457, 399,787, 591, 678, 434, 677, 349, 245, 458, 666, 620, 363, 127, 191, 782,407, 436, 626, 571, 465, 681, 246, 707, 350, 599, 668, 790, 460, 249,682, 573, 411, 803, 789, 709, 365, 440, 628, 689, 374, 423, 466, 793,250, 371, 481, 574, 413, 603, 366, 468, 655, 900, 805, 615, 684, 710,429, 794, 252, 373, 605, 848, 690, 713, 632, 482, 806, 427, 904, 414,223, 663, 692, 835, 619, 472, 455, 796, 809, 714, 721, 837, 716, 864,810, 606, 912, 722, 696, 377, 435, 817, 319, 621, 812, 484, 430, 838,667, 488, 239, 378, 459, 622, 627, 437, 380, 818, 461, 496, 669, 679,724, 841, 629, 351, 467, 438, 737, 251, 462, 442, 441, 469, 247, 683,842, 738, 899, 670, 783, 849, 820, 728, 928, 791, 367, 901, 630, 685,844, 633, 711, 253, 691, 824, 902, 686, 740, 850, 375, 444, 470, 483,415, 485, 905, 795, 473, 634, 744, 852, 960, 865, 693, 797, 906, 715,807, 474, 636, 694, 254, 717, 575, 913, 798, 811, 379, 697, 431, 607,489, 866, 723, 486, 908, 718, 813, 476, 856, 839, 725, 698, 914, 752,868, 819, 814, 439, 929, 490, 623, 671, 739, 916, 463, 843, 381, 497,930, 821, 726, 961, 872, 492, 631, 729, 700, 443, 741, 845, 920, 382,822, 851, 730, 498, 880, 742, 445, 471, 635, 932, 687, 903, 825, 500,846, 745, 826, 732, 446, 962, 936, 475, 853, 867, 637, 907, 487, 695,746, 828, 753, 854, 857, 504, 799, 255, 964, 909, 719, 477, 915, 638,748, 944, 869, 491, 699, 754, 858, 478, 968, 383, 910, 815, 976, 870,917, 727, 493, 873, 701, 931, 756, 860, 499, 731, 823, 922, 874, 918,502, 933, 743, 760, 881, 494, 702, 921, 501, 876, 847, 992, 447, 733,827, 934, 882, 937, 963, 747, 505, 855, 924, 734, 829, 965, 938, 884,506, 749, 945, 966, 755, 859, 940, 830, 911, 871, 639, 888, 479, 946,750, 969, 508, 861, 757, 970, 919, 875, 862, 758, 948, 977, 923, 972,761, 877, 952, 495, 703, 935, 978, 883, 762, 503, 925, 878, 735, 993,885, 939, 994, 980, 926, 764, 941, 967, 886, 831, 947, 507, 889, 984,751, 942, 996, 971, 890, 509, 949, 973, 1000, 892, 950, 863, 759, 1008,510, 979, 953, 763, 974, 954, 879, 981, 982, 927, 995, 765, 956, 887,985, 997, 986, 943, 891, 998, 766, 511, 988, 1001, 951, 1002, 893, 975,894, 1009, 955, 1004, 1010, 957, 983, 958, 987, 1012, 999, 1016, 767,989, 1003, 990, 1005, 959, 1011, 1013, 895, 1006, 1014, 1017, 1018, 991,1020, 1007, 1015, 1019, 1021, 1022, 1023].

TABLE Q1 A sequence length is 1024: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 32 7 3 8 5 9 64 10 9 11 6 12 17 13 10 14 18 15 128 16 12 17 33 1865 19 20 20 256 21 34 22 24 23 36 24 7 25 129 26 66 27 512 28 11 29 4030 68 31 130 32 19 33 13 34 48 35 14 36 72 37 257 38 21 39 132 40 35 41258 42 26 43 513 44 80 45 37 46 25 47 22 48 136 49 260 50 264 51 38 52514 53 96 54 67 55 41 56 144 57 28 58 69 59 42 60 516 61 49 62 74 63 27264 160 65 520 66 288 67 528 68 192 69 544 70 70 71 44 72 131 73 81 74 5075 73 76 15 77 320 78 133 79 52 80 23 81 134 82 384 83 76 84 137 85 8286 56 87 27 88 97 89 39 90 259 91 84 92 138 93 145 94 261 95 29 96 43 9798 98 515 99 88 100 140 101 30 102 146 103 71 104 262 105 265 106 161107 576 108 45 109 100 110 640 111 51 112 148 113 46 114 75 115 266 116273 117 517 118 104 119 162 120 53 121 193 122 152 123 77 124 164 125768 126 268 127 274 128 518 129 54 130 83 131 57 132 521 133 112 134 135135 78 136 289 137 194 138 85 139 276 140 522 141 58 142 168 143 139 14499 145 86 146 60 147 280 148 89 149 290 150 529 151 524 152 196 153 141154 101 155 147 156 176 157 142 158 530 159 321 160 31 161 200 162 90163 545 164 292 165 322 166 532 167 263 168 149 169 102 170 105 171 304172 296 173 163 174 92 175 47 176 267 177 385 178 546 179 324 180 208181 386 182 150 183 153 184 165 185 106 186 55 187 328 188 536 189 577190 548 191 113 192 154 193 79 194 269 195 108 196 578 197 224 198 166199 519 200 552 201 195 202 270 203 641 204 523 205 275 206 580 207 291208 59 209 169 210 560 211 114 212 277 213 156 214 87 215 197 216 116217 170 218 61 219 531 220 525 221 642 222 281 223 278 224 526 225 177226 293 227 388 228 91 229 584 230 769 231 198 232 172 233 120 234 201235 336 236 62 237 282 238 143 239 103 240 178 241 294 242 93 243 644244 202 245 592 246 323 247 392 248 297 249 770 250 107 251 180 252 151253 209 254 284 255 648 256 94 257 204 258 298 259 400 260 608 261 352262 325 263 533 264 155 265 210 266 305 267 547 268 300 269 109 270 184271 534 272 537 273 115 274 167 275 225 276 326 277 306 278 772 279 157280 656 281 329 282 110 283 117 284 212 285 171 286 776 287 330 288 226289 549 290 538 291 387 292 308 293 216 294 416 295 271 296 279 297 158298 337 299 550 300 672 301 118 302 332 303 579 304 540 305 389 306 173307 121 308 553 309 199 310 784 311 179 312 228 313 338 314 312 315 704316 390 317 174 318 554 319 581 320 393 321 283 322 122 323 448 324 353325 561 326 203 327 63 328 340 329 394 330 527 331 582 332 556 333 181334 295 335 285 336 232 337 124 338 205 339 182 340 643 341 562 342 286343 585 344 299 345 354 346 211 347 401 348 185 349 396 350 344 351 586352 645 353 593 354 535 355 240 356 206 357 95 358 327 359 564 360 800361 402 362 356 363 307 364 301 365 417 366 213 367 568 368 832 369 588370 186 371 646 372 404 373 227 374 896 375 594 376 418 377 302 378 649379 771 380 360 381 539 382 111 383 331 384 214 385 309 386 188 387 449388 217 389 408 390 609 391 596 392 551 393 650 394 229 395 159 396 420397 310 398 541 399 773 400 610 401 657 402 333 403 119 404 600 405 339406 218 407 368 408 652 409 230 410 391 411 313 412 450 413 542 414 334415 233 416 555 417 774 418 175 419 123 420 658 421 612 422 341 423 777424 220 425 314 426 424 427 395 428 673 429 583 430 355 431 287 432 183433 234 434 125 435 557 436 660 437 616 438 342 439 316 440 241 441 778442 563 443 345 444 452 445 397 446 403 447 207 448 674 449 558 450 785451 432 452 357 453 187 454 236 455 664 456 624 457 587 458 780 459 705460 126 461 242 462 565 463 398 464 346 465 456 466 358 467 405 468 303469 569 470 244 471 595 472 189 473 566 474 676 475 361 476 706 477 589478 215 479 786 480 647 481 348 482 419 483 406 484 464 485 680 486 801487 362 488 590 489 409 490 570 491 788 492 597 493 572 494 219 495 311496 708 497 598 498 601 499 651 500 421 501 792 502 802 503 611 504 602505 410 506 231 507 688 508 653 509 248 510 369 511 190 512 364 513 654514 659 515 335 516 480 517 315 518 221 519 370 520 613 521 422 522 425523 451 524 614 525 543 526 235 527 412 528 343 529 372 530 775 531 317532 222 533 426 534 453 535 237 536 559 537 833 538 804 539 712 540 834541 661 542 808 543 779 544 617 545 604 546 433 547 720 548 816 549 836550 347 551 897 552 243 553 662 554 454 555 318 556 675 557 618 558 898559 781 560 376 561 428 562 665 563 736 564 567 565 840 566 625 567 238568 359 569 457 570 399 571 787 572 591 573 678 574 434 575 677 576 349577 245 578 458 579 666 580 620 581 363 582 127 583 191 584 782 585 407586 436 587 626 588 571 589 465 590 681 591 246 592 707 593 350 594 599595 668 596 790 597 460 598 249 599 682 600 573 601 411 602 803 603 789604 709 605 365 606 440 607 628 608 689 609 374 610 423 611 466 612 793613 250 614 371 615 481 616 574 617 413 618 603 619 366 620 468 621 655622 900 623 805 624 615 625 684 626 710 627 429 628 794 629 252 630 373631 605 632 848 633 690 634 713 635 632 636 482 637 806 638 427 639 904640 414 641 223 642 663 643 692 644 835 645 619 646 472 647 455 648 796649 809 650 714 651 721 652 837 653 716 654 864 655 810 656 606 657 912658 722 659 696 660 377 661 435 662 817 663 319 664 621 665 812 666 484667 430 668 838 669 667 670 488 671 239 672 378 673 459 674 622 675 627676 437 677 380 678 818 679 461 680 496 681 669 682 679 683 724 684 841685 629 686 351 687 467 688 438 689 737 690 251 691 462 692 442 693 441694 469 695 247 696 683 697 842 698 738 699 899 700 670 701 783 702 849703 820 704 728 705 928 706 791 707 367 708 901 709 630 710 685 711 844712 633 713 711 714 253 715 691 716 824 717 902 718 686 719 740 720 850721 375 722 444 723 470 724 483 725 415 726 485 727 905 728 795 729 473730 634 731 744 732 852 733 960 734 865 735 693 736 797 737 906 738 715739 807 740 474 741 636 742 694 743 254 744 717 745 575 746 913 747 798748 811 749 379 750 697 751 431 752 607 753 489 754 866 755 723 756 486757 908 758 718 759 813 760 476 761 856 762 839 763 725 764 698 765 914766 752 767 868 768 819 769 814 770 439 771 929 772 490 773 623 774 671775 739 776 916 777 463 778 843 779 381 780 497 781 930 782 821 783 726784 961 785 872 786 492 787 631 788 729 789 700 790 443 791 741 792 845793 920 794 382 795 822 796 851 797 730 798 498 799 880 800 742 801 445802 471 803 635 804 932 805 687 806 903 807 825 808 500 809 846 810 745811 826 812 732 813 446 814 962 815 936 816 475 817 853 818 867 819 637820 907 821 487 822 695 823 746 824 828 825 753 826 854 827 857 828 504829 799 830 255 831 964 832 909 833 719 834 477 835 915 836 638 837 748838 944 839 869 840 491 841 699 842 754 843 858 844 478 845 968 846 383847 910 848 815 849 976 850 870 851 917 852 727 853 493 854 873 855 701856 931 857 756 858 860 859 499 860 731 861 823 862 922 863 874 864 918865 502 866 933 867 743 868 760 869 881 870 494 871 702 872 921 873 501874 876 875 847 876 992 877 447 878 733 879 827 880 934 881 882 882 937883 963 884 747 885 505 886 855 887 924 888 734 889 829 890 965 891 938892 884 893 506 894 749 895 945 896 966 897 755 898 859 899 940 900 830901 911 902 871 903 639 904 888 905 479 906 946 907 750 908 969 909 508910 861 911 757 912 970 913 919 914 875 915 862 916 758 917 948 918 977919 923 920 972 921 761 922 877 923 952 924 495 925 703 926 935 927 978928 883 929 762 930 503 931 925 932 878 933 735 934 993 935 885 936 939937 994 938 980 939 926 940 764 941 941 942 967 943 886 944 831 945 947946 507 947 889 948 984 949 751 950 942 951 996 952 971 953 890 954 509955 949 956 973 957 1000 958 892 959 950 960 863 961 759 962 1008 963510 964 979 965 953 966 763 967 974 968 954 969 879 970 981 971 982 972927 973 995 974 765 975 956 976 887 977 985 978 997 979 986 980 943 981891 982 998 983 766 984 511 985 988 986 1001 987 951 988 1002 989 893990 975 991 894 992 1009 993 955 994 1004 995 1010 996 957 997 983 998958 999 987 1000 1012 1001 999 1002 1016 1003 767 1004 989 1005 10031006 990 1007 1005 1008 959 1009 1011 1010 1013 1011 895 1012 1006 10131014 1014 1017 1015 1018 1016 991 1017 1020 1018 1007 1019 1015 10201019 1021 1021 1022 1022 1023 1023

Sequence Q2: A sequence length is 512:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 3, 5, 64, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 128, 12, 33, 65, 20,256, 34, 24, 36, 7, 129, 66, 11, 40, 68, 130, 19, 13, 48, 14, 72, 257,21, 132, 35, 258, 26, 80, 37, 25, 22, 136, 260, 264, 38, 96, 67, 41,144, 28, 69, 42, 49, 74, 272, 160, 288, 192, 70, 44, 131, 81, 50, 73,15, 320, 133, 52, 23, 134, 384, 76, 137, 82, 56, 27, 97, 39, 259, 84,138, 145, 261, 29, 43, 98, 88, 140, 30, 146, 71, 262, 265, 161, 45, 100,51, 148, 46, 75, 266, 273, 104, 162, 53, 193, 152, 77, 164, 268, 274,54, 83, 57, 112, 135, 78, 289, 194, 85, 276, 58, 168, 139, 99, 86, 60,280, 89, 290, 196, 141, 101, 147, 176, 142, 321, 31, 200, 90, 292, 322,263, 149, 102, 105, 304, 296, 163, 92, 47, 267, 385, 324, 208, 386, 150,153, 165, 106, 55, 328, 113, 154, 79, 269, 108, 224, 166, 195, 270, 275,291, 59, 169, 114, 277, 156, 87, 197, 116, 170, 61, 281, 278, 177, 293,388, 91, 198, 172, 120, 201, 336, 62, 282, 143, 103, 178, 294, 93, 202,323, 392, 297, 107, 180, 151, 209, 284, 94, 204, 298, 400, 352, 325,155, 210, 305, 300, 109, 184, 115, 167, 225, 326, 306, 157, 329, 110,117, 212, 171, 330, 226, 387, 308, 216, 416, 271, 279, 158, 337, 118,332, 389, 173, 121, 199, 179, 228, 338, 312, 390, 174, 393, 283, 122,448, 353, 203, 63, 340, 394, 181, 295, 285, 232, 124, 205, 182, 286,299, 354, 211, 401, 185, 396, 344, 240, 206, 95, 327, 402, 356, 307,301, 417, 213, 186, 404, 227, 418, 302, 360, 111, 331, 214, 309, 188,449, 217, 408, 229, 159, 420, 310, 333, 119, 339, 218, 368, 230, 391,313, 450, 334, 233, 175, 123, 341, 220, 314, 424, 395, 355, 287, 183,234, 125, 342, 316, 241, 345, 452, 397, 403, 207, 432, 357, 187, 236,126, 242, 398, 346, 456, 358, 405, 303, 244, 189, 361, 215, 348, 419,406, 464, 362, 409, 219, 311, 421, 410, 231, 248, 369, 190, 364, 335,480, 315, 221, 370, 422, 425, 451, 235, 412, 343, 372, 317, 222, 426,453, 237, 433, 347, 243, 454, 318, 376, 428, 238, 359, 457, 399, 434,349, 245, 458, 363, 127, 191, 407, 436, 465, 246, 350, 460, 249, 411,365, 440, 374, 423, 466, 250, 371, 481, 413, 366, 468, 429, 252, 373,482, 427, 414, 223, 472, 455, 377, 435, 319, 484, 430, 488, 239, 378,459, 437, 380, 461, 496, 351, 467, 438, 251, 462, 442, 441, 469, 247,367, 253, 375, 444, 470, 483, 415, 485, 473, 474, 254, 379, 431, 489,486, 476, 439, 490, 463, 381, 497, 492, 443, 382, 498, 445, 471, 500,446, 475, 487, 504, 255, 477, 491, 478, 383, 493, 499, 502, 494, 501,447, 505, 506, 479, 508, 495, 503, 507, 509, 510, 511]

TABLE Q2 A sequence length is 512: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 32 7 3 8 5 9 64 10 9 11 6 12 17 13 10 14 18 15 128 16 12 17 33 1865 19 20 20 256 21 34 22 24 23 36 24 7 25 129 26 66 27 11 28 40 29 68 30130 31 19 32 13 33 48 34 14 35 72 36 257 37 21 38 132 39 35 40 258 41 2642 80 43 37 44 25 45 22 46 136 47 260 48 264 49 38 50 96 51 67 52 41 53144 54 28 55 69 56 42 57 49 58 74 59 272 60 160 61 288 62 192 63 70 6444 65 131 66 81 67 50 68 73 69 15 70 320 71 133 72 52 73 23 74 134 75384 76 76 77 137 78 82 79 56 80 27 81 97 82 39 83 259 84 84 85 138 86145 87 261 88 29 89 43 90 98 91 88 92 140 93 30 94 146 95 71 96 262 97265 98 161 99 45 100 100 101 51 102 148 103 46 104 75 105 266 106 273107 104 108 162 109 53 110 193 i11 152 112 77 113 164 114 268 115 274116 54 117 83 118 57 119 112 120 135 121 78 122 289 123 194 124 85 125276 126 58 127 168 128 139 129 99 130 86 131 60 132 280 133 89 134 290135 196 136 141 137 101 138 147 139 176 140 142 141 321 142 31 143 200144 90 145 292 146 322 147 263 148 149 149 102 150 105 151 304 152 296153 163 154 92 155 47 156 267 157 385 158 324 159 208 160 386 161 150162 153 163 165 164 106 165 55 166 328 167 113 168 154 169 79 170 269171 108 172 224 173 166 174 195 175 270 176 275 177 291 178 59 179 169180 114 181 277 182 156 183 87 184 197 185 116 186 170 187 61 188 281189 278 190 177 191 293 192 388 193 91 194 198 195 172 196 120 197 201198 336 199 62 200 282 201 143 202 103 203 178 204 294 205 93 206 202207 323 208 392 209 297 210 107 211 180 212 151 213 209 214 284 215 94216 204 217 298 218 400 219 352 220 325 221 155 222 210 223 305 224 300225 109 226 184 227 115 228 167 229 225 230 326 231 306 232 157 233 329234 110 235 117 236 212 237 171 238 330 239 226 240 387 241 308 242 216243 416 244 271 245 279 246 158 247 337 248 118 249 332 250 389 251 173252 121 253 199 254 179 255 228 256 338 257 312 258 390 259 174 260 393261 283 262 122 263 448 264 353 265 203 266 63 267 340 268 394 269 181270 295 271 285 272 232 273 124 274 205 275 182 276 286 277 299 278 354279 211 280 401 281 185 282 396 283 344 284 240 285 206 286 95 287 327288 402 289 356 290 307 291 301 292 417 293 213 294 186 295 404 296 227297 418 298 302 299 360 300 i11 301 331 302 214 303 309 304 188 305 449306 217 307 408 308 229 309 159 310 420 311 310 312 333 313 119 314 339315 218 316 368 317 230 318 391 319 313 320 450 321 334 322 233 323 175324 123 325 341 326 220 327 314 328 424 329 395 330 355 331 287 332 183333 234 334 125 335 342 336 316 337 241 338 345 339 452 340 397 341 403342 207 343 432 344 357 345 187 346 236 347 126 348 242 349 398 350 346351 456 352 358 353 405 354 303 355 244 356 189 357 361 358 215 359 348360 419 361 406 362 464 363 362 364 409 365 219 366 311 367 421 368 410369 231 370 248 371 369 372 190 373 364 374 335 375 480 376 315 377 221378 370 379 422 380 425 381 451 382 235 383 412 384 343 385 372 386 317387 222 388 426 389 453 390 237 391 433 392 347 393 243 394 454 395 318396 376 397 428 398 238 399 359 400 457 401 399 402 434 403 349 404 245405 458 406 363 407 127 408 191 409 407 410 436 411 465 412 246 413 350414 460 415 249 416 411 417 365 418 440 419 374 420 423 421 466 422 250423 371 424 481 425 413 426 366 427 468 428 429 429 252 430 373 431 482432 427 433 414 434 223 435 472 436 455 437 377 438 435 439 319 440 484441 430 442 488 443 239 444 378 445 459 446 437 447 380 448 461 449 496450 351 451 467 452 438 453 251 454 462 455 442 456 441 457 469 458 247459 367 460 253 461 375 462 444 463 470 464 483 465 415 466 485 467 473468 474 469 254 470 379 471 431 472 489 473 486 474 476 475 439 476 490477 463 478 381 479 497 480 492 481 443 482 382 483 498 484 445 485 471486 500 487 446 488 475 489 487 490 504 491 255 492 477 493 491 494 478495 383 496 493 497 499 498 502 499 494 500 501 501 447 502 505 503 506504 479 505 508 506 495 507 503 508 507 509 509 510 510 511 511

Sequence Q3: A sequence length is 256:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 3, 5, 64, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 128, 12, 33, 65, 20,34, 24, 36, 7, 129, 66, 11, 40, 68, 130, 19, 13, 48, 14, 72, 21, 132,35, 26, 80, 37, 25, 22, 136, 38, 96, 67, 41, 144, 28, 69, 42, 49, 74,160, 192, 70, 44, 131, 81, 50, 73, 15, 133, 52, 23, 134, 76, 137, 82,56, 27, 97, 39, 84, 138, 145, 29, 43, 98, 88, 140, 30, 146, 71, 161, 45,100, 51, 148, 46, 75, 104, 162, 53, 193, 152, 77, 164, 54, 83, 57, 112,135, 78, 194, 85, 58, 168, 139, 99, 86, 60, 89, 196, 141, 101, 147, 176,142, 31, 200, 90, 149, 102, 105, 163, 92, 47, 208, 150, 153, 165, 106,55, 113, 154, 79, 108, 224, 166, 195, 59, 169, 114, 156, 87, 197, 116,170, 61, 177, 91, 198, 172, 120, 201, 62, 143, 103, 178, 93, 202, 107,180, 151, 209, 94, 204, 155, 210, 109, 184, 115, 167, 225, 157, 110,117, 212, 171, 226, 216, 158, 118, 173, 121, 199, 179, 228, 174, 122,203, 63, 181, 232, 124, 205, 182, 211, 185, 240, 206, 95, 213, 186, 227,111, 214, 188, 217, 229, 159, 119, 218, 230, 233, 175, 123, 220, 183,234, 125, 241, 207, 187, 236, 126, 242, 244, 189, 215, 219, 231, 248,190, 221, 235, 222, 237, 243, 238, 245, 127, 191, 246, 249, 250, 252,223, 239, 251, 247, 253,254, 255]

TABLE Q3 A sequence length is 256: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 32 7 3 8 5 9 64 10 9 11 6 12 17 13 10 14 18 15 128 16 12 17 33 1865 19 20 20 34 21 24 22 36 23 7 24 129 25 66 26 11 27 40 28 68 29 130 3019 31 13 32 48 33 14 34 72 35 21 36 132 37 35 38 26 39 80 40 37 41 25 4222 43 136 44 38 45 96 46 67 47 41 48 144 49 28 50 69 51 42 52 49 53 7454 160 55 192 56 70 57 44 58 131 59 81 60 50 61 73 62 15 63 133 64 52 6523 66 134 67 76 68 137 69 82 70 56 71 27 72 97 73 39 74 84 75 138 76 14577 29 78 43 79 98 80 88 81 140 82 30 83 146 84 71 85 161 86 45 87 100 8851 89 148 90 46 91 75 92 104 93 162 94 53 95 193 96 152 97 77 98 164 9954 100 83 101 57 102 112 103 135 104 78 105 194 106 85 107 58 108 168109 139 110 99 111 86 112 60 113 89 114 196 115 141 116 101 117 147 118176 119 142 120 31 121 200 122 90 123 149 124 102 125 105 126 163 127 92128 47 129 208 130 150 131 153 132 165 133 106 134 55 135 113 136 154137 79 138 108 139 224 140 166 141 195 142 59 143 169 144 114 145 156146 87 147 197 148 116 149 170 150 61 151 177 152 91 153 198 154 172 155120 156 201 157 62 158 143 159 103 160 178 161 93 162 202 163 107 164180 165 151 166 209 167 94 168 204 169 155 170 210 171 109 172 184 173115 174 167 175 225 176 157 177 110 178 117 179 212 180 171 181 226 182216 183 158 184 118 185 173 186 121 187 199 188 179 189 228 190 174 191122 192 203 193 63 194 181 195 232 196 124 197 205 198 182 199 211 200185 201 240 202 206 203 95 204 213 205 186 206 227 207 111 208 214 209188 210 217 211 229 212 159 213 119 214 218 215 230 216 233 217 175 218123 219 220 220 183 221 234 222 125 223 241 224 207 225 187 226 236 227126 228 242 229 244 230 189 231 215 232 219 233 231 234 248 235 190 236221 237 235 238 222 239 237 240 243 241 238 242 245 243 127 244 191 245246 246 249 247 250 248 252 249 223 250 239 251 251 252 247 253 253 254254 255 255

Sequence Q4: A sequence length is 128:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 3, 5, 64, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 12, 33, 65, 20, 34,24, 36, 7, 66, 11, 40, 68, 19, 13, 48, 14, 72, 21, 35, 26, 80, 37, 25,22, 38, 96, 67, 41, 28, 69, 42, 49, 74, 70, 44, 81, 50, 73, 15, 52, 23,76, 82, 56, 27, 97, 39, 84, 29, 43, 98, 88, 30, 71, 45, 100, 51, 46, 75,104, 53, 77, 54, 83, 57, 112, 78, 85, 58, 99, 86, 60, 89, 101, 31, 90,102, 105, 92, 47, 106, 55, 113, 79, 108, 59, 114, 87, 116, 61, 91, 120,62, 103, 93, 107, 94, 109, 115, 110, 117, 118, 121, 122, 63, 124, 95,111, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127]

TABLE Q4 A sequence length is 128: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 32 7 3 8 5 9 64 10 9 11 6 12 17 13 10 14 18 15 12 16 33 17 65 18 2019 34 20 24 21 36 22 7 23 66 24 11 25 40 26 68 27 19 28 13 29 48 30 1431 72 32 21 33 35 34 26 35 80 36 37 37 25 38 22 39 38 40 96 41 67 42 4143 28 44 69 45 42 46 49 47 74 48 70 49 44 50 81 51 50 52 73 53 15 54 5255 23 56 76 57 82 58 56 59 27 60 97 61 39 62 84 63 29 64 43 65 98 66 8867 30 68 71 69 45 70 100 71 51 72 46 73 75 74 104 75 53 76 77 77 54 7883 79 57 80 112 81 78 82 85 83 58 84 99 85 86 86 60 87 89 88 101 89 3190 90 91 102 92 105 93 92 94 47 95 106 96 55 97 113 98 79 99 108 100 59101 114 102 87 103 116 104 61 105 91 106 120 107 62 108 103 109 93 110107 111 94 112 109 113 115 114 110 115 117 116 118 117 121 118 122 11963 120 124 121 95 122 111 123 119 124 123 125 125 126 126 127 127

Sequence Q5: A sequence length is 64:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 3, 5, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 12, 33, 20, 34, 24, 36,7, 11, 40, 19, 13, 48, 14, 21, 35, 26, 37, 25, 22, 38, 41, 28, 42, 49,44, 50, 15, 52, 23, 56, 27, 39, 29, 43, 30, 45, 51, 46, 53, 54, 57, 58,60, 31, 47, 55, 59, 61, 62, 63]

TABLE Q5 A sequence length is 64: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 32 7 3 8 5 9 9 10 6 11 17 12 10 13 18 14 12 15 33 16 20 17 34 18 2419 36 20 7 21 11 22 40 23 19 24 13 25 48 26 14 27 21 28 35 29 26 30 3731 25 32 22 33 38 34 41 35 28 36 42 37 49 38 44 39 50 40 15 41 52 42 2343 56 44 27 45 39 46 29 47 43 48 30 49 45 50 51 51 46 52 53 53 54 54 5755 58 56 60 57 31 58 47 59 55 60 59 61 61 62 62 63 63

Sequence Q6: A sequence length is 32:

[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 3, 5, 9, 6, 17, 10, 18, 12, 20, 24, 7, 11, 19, 13,14, 21, 26, 25, 22, 28, 15, 23, 27, 29, 30, 31].

TABLE Q6 A sequence length is 32: Serial Reliability number orreliability of a serial polarized number channel 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 8 516 6 3 7 5 8 9 9 6 10 17 11 10 12 18 13 12 14 20 15 24 16 7 17 11 18 1919 13 20 14 21 21 22 26 23 25 24 22 25 28 26 15 27 23 28 27 29 29 30 3031 31

It should be noted that the foregoing some sequences are merely someexamples, and application of the sequences to a polar coding processhelps improve polar coding/decoding performance. In any examplesequence, on the premise that an overall effect of the sequence is notaffected, adjustment or equivalent replacement including but not limitedto the following aspects may be performed:

1. Locations of a few elements in the sequence are exchanged. Forexample, a location of a serial number may be adjusted within aspecified amplitude. For example, the specified amplitude is 5, and alocation of an element whose serial number is 10 may be adjusted withina range from five locations on the left of the element to five locationson the right of the element.

2. Some elements in the sequence are adjusted, but channel sets that areused to transmit T-bit information and that are selected based on thesequence are consistent or similar.

3. The sequence includes N elements starting from 0 to N−1, and the Nelements starting from 0 to N−1 represent the serial numbers of the Npolarized channels. Actually, the serial numbers of the N polarizedchannels may alternatively start from 1 to N. That is, 1 is added toeach serial number in the foregoing sequence. This is also a serialnumber form in the foregoing calculation manners. Certainly, the serialnumber or an identifier of the polarized channel may alternatively beindicated in another manner. The specific expression manner does notaffect a specific location that is of the polarized channel and that isindicated in the sequence.

4. The serial numbers of the N polarized channels in the foregoingsequence are arranged in ascending order of the reliability of the Npolarized channels. In this case, selecting the K polarized channels indescending order of the reliability based on the rate matching schemeis: when the rate matching scheme is puncturing, selecting polarizedchannels corresponding to the last K serial numbers other than apolarized channel corresponding to a serial number of a punctured bitand a pre-frozen polarized channel; and when the rate matching scheme isshortening, selecting polarized channels corresponding to the last Kserial numbers other than a polarized channel corresponding to a serialnumber of a shortened bit. Actually, the serial numbers of the Npolarized channels may alternatively be arranged in descending order ofthe reliability of the N polarized channels. That is, elements in theforegoing sequence are arranged in a reverse order. In this case,selecting the K polarized channels in descending order of thereliability based on the rate matching scheme is: when the rate matchingscheme is puncturing, selecting polarized channels corresponding to thefirst K serial numbers other than a polarized channel corresponding to aserial number of a punctured bit and a pre-frozen polarized channel; andwhen the rate matching scheme is shortening, selecting polarizedchannels corresponding to the first K serial numbers other than apolarized channel corresponding to a serial number of a shortened bit.

5. Alternatively, the foregoing sequence may be represented by using asequence of normalized reliability or equivalent reliability of variouschannels. For example, if an order location of a channel x in theforegoing sequence is n (a leftmost location is denoted as 1),reliability of the channel may be represented as n or normalized n/N,where N is a length of the sequence.

During actual application, a sequence or a table corresponding toN_(max) may be stored only based on N_(max), that is, L=N_(max), or aplurality of sequences or tables corresponding to N may be stored basedon all supported different values of N, that is, L=N. Further,alternatively, a part of a plurality of sequences or tablescorresponding to N may be stored based on all supported different valuesof N, that is, L<N. The serial numbers of the N polarized channels inthe stored sequences or tables are arranged in ascending or descendingorder of the reliability of the N polarized channels. The serial numbersinclude N elements starting from 0 to N−1, and the N elements startingfrom 0 to N−1 represent the serial numbers of the N polarized channels.Actually, the serial numbers of the N polarized channels mayalternatively start from 1 to N.

Further, a quantity of to-be-coded information bits used for polarcoding of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is 56. Because this valuebasically remains unchanged, and a corresponding bit rate also remainsunchanged, a corresponding mother code length, a corresponding ratematching manner, and the like basically remain unchanged. Therefore,only serial numbers that are of polarized channels and that correspondto the 56 to-be-coded information bits may be stored, that is, a lengthL of the first sequence is equal to K, and is set to 56. In this case,when the first sequence is arranged in ascending order of reliabilityand the corresponding serial numbers of the polarized channels startfrom 0, the stored first sequence is [441, 469, 247, 367, 253, 375, 444,470, 483, 415, 485, 473, 474, 254, 379, 431, 489, 486, 476, 439, 490,463, 381, 497, 492, 443, 382, 498, 445, 471, 500, 446, 475, 487, 504,255, 477, 491, 478, 383, 493, 499, 502, 494, 501, 447, 505, 506, 479,508, 495, 503, 507, 509, 510, 511]. It should be noted that, theforegoing sequence may be alternatively stored as [247, 253, 254, 255,367, 375, 379, 381, 382, 383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446,447, 463, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 483, 485,486, 487, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501,502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a natural order.Polarized channels whose serial numbers are [446, 478, 487, 490, 491,492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506,507, 508, 509, 510, 511] are used to place CRC bits. Specificelements/fields on the PBCH are arranged in a manner specified in aprotocol or in any other manner agreed on by the transmit end and thereceive end. Certainly, with development of wireless communicationsstandards, if the quantity of the to-be-coded information bits includedin the PBCH changes, the stored first sequence also changescorrespondingly.

Based on a same inventive concept as the polar coding method shown inFIG. 2 , as shown in FIG. 3 , an embodiment of this application furtherprovides a polar coding apparatus 300. The polar coding apparatus 300 isconfigured to perform the polar coding method shown in FIG. 2 . A partor all of the polar coding method shown in FIG. 2 may be implemented byhardware or software. When the polar coding method is implemented byhardware, the polar coding apparatus 300 includes: an input interfacecircuit 301, configured to obtain to-be-coded bits; a logic circuit 302,configured to perform the polar coding method shown in FIG. 2 , wherefor details, refer to the descriptions in the foregoing methodembodiment, and details are not described herein again; and an outputinterface circuit 303, configured to output a coded bit sequence.

Further, the coded bit sequence output by the coding apparatus 300 ismodulated by a modulator 310 and then output to a transceiver 320. Thetransceiver 320 performs corresponding processing (including but notlimited to processing such as digital-to-analog conversion and/orfrequency conversion) on the modulated sequence, and then sends themodulated sequence by using an antenna 330.

Optionally, in a specific implementation, the polar coding apparatus 300may be a chip or an integrated circuit.

Optionally, when a part or all of the polar coding method in theforegoing embodiment is implemented by software, as shown in FIG. 4 ,the polar coding apparatus 300 includes: at least one memory 401,configured to store a program; and at least one processor 402,configured to execute the program stored in the memory 401, so that whenthe program is executed, the polar coding apparatus 300 can implementthe polar coding method provided in the embodiment in FIG. 2 .

Optionally, the memory 401 may be a physically independent unit.Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5 , a memory 501 is integrated with aprocessor 502.

Optionally, when a part or all of the coding method in the embodiment inFIG. 2 is implemented by software, the polar coding apparatus 300 mayalternatively include only a processor 402. A memory 401 configured tostore a program is located outside the polar coding apparatus 300. Theprocessor 402 is connected to the memory 401 by using a circuit/wire,and is configured to read and execute the program stored in the memory401.

The processor 402 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a networkprocessor (NP), or a combination of a CPU and an NP.

The processor 402 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chipmay be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmablelogic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complexprogrammable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array(FPGA), generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

The memory in the foregoing embodiments may include a volatile memory,for example, a random access memory (RAM). The memory may alternativelyinclude a non-volatile memory, for example, a flash memory, a hard diskdrive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD). The memory may furtherinclude a combination of the foregoing types of memories.

Based on the polar coding method shown in FIG. 2 , as shown in FIG. 6 ,an embodiment of this application further provides a polar codingapparatus 300. The polar coding apparatus 300 is configured to performthe polar coding method shown in FIG. 2 . The polar coding apparatus 300includes:

an obtaining unit 601, configured to obtain a first sequence used tocode K to-be-coded bits, where the first sequence includes serialnumbers of L polarized channels, L is a positive integer, L is equal toK or N, N is a mother code length of a polar code, N=2^(n), n is apositive integer, K is a quantity of the to-be-coded bits, and K is lessthan or equal to N;

a determining unit 602, configured to determine serial numbers of Kpolarized channels in the first sequence based on a rate matching schemeand/or a reliability order; and a coding unit 603, configured to: placethe to-be-coded bits based on the selected serial numbers of the Kpolarized channels, and perform polar coding on the to-be-coded bits.

The first sequence may be any one of the foregoing example sequences, ormay be obtained by extracting serial numbers (where the serial numbersstart from 0) less than N from a second sequence with a length ofN_(max). Alternatively, reliability of an i^(th) polarized channel in Npolarized channels may be determined by using any one of the foregoingexample formulas.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer storagemedium. The computer storage medium stores a computer program, and thecomputer program is configured to perform the polar coding method shownin FIG. 2 .

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer programproduct including instructions. When the computer program product runson a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the polar codingmethod shown in FIG. 2 .

Based on the communication system architecture shown in FIG. 1 , asshown in FIG. 7 , an embodiment of this application further provides apolar code decoding method. A specific procedure is as follows.

Step 701: Obtain a first sequence used to determine serial numbers of Kto-be-decoded information bits.

The first sequence includes serial numbers of L polarized channels, L isa positive integer, L is equal to K or N, N is a mother code length of apolar code, N=2^(n), n is a positive integer, K is a quantity of theto-be-decoded information bits, and K is less than or equal to N.

Step 702: Select serial numbers of K polarized channels from the firstsequence based on a rate matching scheme and/or a reliability order.When the rate matching scheme is puncturing, selecting the serialnumbers of the K polarized channels from the first sequence based on therate matching scheme and the reliability order is selecting, from thefirst sequence, serial numbers of K polarized channels with highestreliability other than a polarized channel corresponding to a serialnumber of a punctured bit and a pre-frozen polarized channel. When therate matching scheme is shortening, selecting the serial numbers of theK polarized channels from the first sequence based on the rate matchingscheme and the reliability order is selecting, from the first sequence,serial numbers of K polarized channels with highest reliability otherthan a polarized channel corresponding to a shortened bit. In practice,there may be some other polarized channels that need to be pre-frozen.In this case, during selecting of polarized channels corresponding tothe K to-be-decoded information bits, these pre-frozen polarizedchannels do not need to be considered. A specific selection method issimilar to that used at a coding side.

Step 703: Perform polar code decoding on the to-be-decoded informationbits based on the selected serial numbers of the K polarized channels.

Optionally, the first sequence is all or a subsequence of a secondsequence, where the second sequence includes serial numbers of N_(max)polarized channels, the serial numbers of the N_(max) polarized channelsare arranged in the second sequence in ascending or descending order ofreliability of the N_(max) polarized channels, N_(max) is a positiveinteger, N_(max) is greater than or equal to N, and a reliability orderof the serial numbers of the polarized channels in the first sequence isconsistent with a reliability order of serial numbers, of polarizedchannels, less than N in the second sequence. Therefore, only the secondsequence corresponding to N_(max) may be prestored, or a plurality ofpossible first sequences may be prestored. For a specific sequence, forexample, a sequence storing a serial number of a PBCH subchannel, referto the foregoing example sequences at the coding side, and details arenot described herein again.

Optionally, rate de-matching is performed on a to-be-decoded bitsequence based on a target code length.

According to the decoding method provided in this embodiment, after theto-be-decoded bits that are input are received, the quantity K of theto-be-decoded information bits is determined based on the target codelength N of the polar code. If the second sequence is known, regardlessof whether the second sequence is calculated online or pre-calculatedand prestored, the first sequence may be obtained from the secondsequence. When N_(max)=N, the second sequence is the first sequence. Thesecond sequence includes a reliability order of a maximum code lengthN_(max) of polarized channels supported by a communication system.Optionally, the first sequence may be obtained from the prestored secondsequence, then the serial numbers of the to-be-decoded information bitsare determined based on the first sequence, and finally polar decodingis performed on the to-be-decoded bits, to obtain a sequence of the Kto-be-decoded information bits.

Based on a same inventive concept as the polar code decoding methodshown in FIG. 7 , as shown in FIG. 8 , an embodiment of this applicationfurther provides a polar code decoding apparatus 800. The polar decodingapparatus 800 is configured to perform the polar code decoding methodshown in FIG. 7 . A part or all of the polar code decoding method shownin FIG. 7 may be implemented by hardware or software. When the polarcode decoding method is implemented by hardware, the polar code decodingapparatus 800 includes: an input interface circuit 803, configured toobtain to-be-decoded bits; a logic circuit 802, configured to performthe polar code decoding method shown in FIG. 7 , where for details,refer to the descriptions in the foregoing method embodiment, anddetails are not described herein again; and an output interface circuit801, configured to output a decoded bit sequence.

Further, an antenna 830 receives a signal, and the signal is input by atransceiver 820 to a demodulator 810 for corresponding processing(including but not limited to processing such as digital-to-analogconversion and/or frequency conversion), and then is input to thedecoding apparatus 800 for decoding.

Optionally, in a specific implementation, the polar code decodingapparatus 800 may be a chip or an integrated circuit.

Optionally, when a part or all of the polar code decoding method in theforegoing embodiment is implemented by software, as shown in FIG. 9 ,the polar decoding apparatus 800 includes: at least one memory 901,configured to store a program; and at least one processor 902,configured to execute the program stored in the memory 901, so that whenthe program is executed, the polar code decoding apparatus 800 canimplement the polar code decoding method provided in the embodiment inFIG. 7 .

Optionally, the memory 901 may be a physically independent unit.Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10 , a memory 1001 is integrated with aprocessor 1002.

Optionally, when a part or all of the decoding method in the embodimentin FIG. 7 is implemented by software, the polar code decoding apparatus800 may alternatively include only a processor 902. A memory 901configured to store a program is located outside the polar code decodingapparatus 800. The processor 902 is connected to the memory 901 by usinga circuit/wire, and is configured to read and execute the program storedin the memory 901.

The processor 902 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a networkprocessor (NP), or a combination of a CPU and an NP.

The processor 902 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chipmay be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmablelogic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complexprogrammable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array(FPGA), generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

The memory in the foregoing embodiments may include a volatile memory,for example, a random access memory (RAM). The memory may alternativelyinclude a non-volatile memory, for example, a flash memory, a hard diskdrive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD). The memory may furtherinclude a combination of the foregoing types of memories.

Based on the polar code decoding method shown in FIG. 7 , as shown inFIG. 11 , an embodiment of this application further provides a polarcode decoding apparatus 800. The polar decoding apparatus 800 isconfigured to perform the polar code decoding method shown in FIG. 7 .The polar decoding apparatus 800 includes:

an obtaining unit 1101, configured to obtain a first sequence used todetermine K to-be-decoded information bits, where the first sequenceincludes serial numbers of L polarized channels, L is a positiveinteger, L is equal to K or N, N is a mother code length of a polarcode, N=2^(n), n is a positive integer, K is a quantity of theto-be-decoded information bits, and K is less than or equal to N;

a determining unit 1102, configured to determine serial numbers of Kpolarized channels in the first sequence based on a rate matching schemeand/or a reliability order; and a coding unit 1103, configured toperform polar code decoding based on the selected serial numbers of theK polarized channels.

The first sequence may be any one of the foregoing example sequences, ormay be obtained by extracting serial numbers (where the serial numbersstart from 0) less than N from a second sequence with a length ofN_(max). Alternatively, reliability of an i^(th) polarized channel in Npolarized channels may be determined by using any one of the foregoingexample formulas.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer storagemedium. The computer storage medium stores a computer program, and thecomputer program is configured to perform the polar code decoding methodshown in FIG. 7 .

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer programproduct including instructions. When the computer program product runson a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the polar codedecoding method shown in FIG. 7 .

Persons skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments ofthis application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computerprogram product. Therefore, this application may use a form of hardwareonly embodiments, software only embodiments, or embodiments with acombination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may usea form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or morecomputer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a diskmemory, a CD-ROM, an optical memory, and the like) that include computerusable program code.

This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and/orblock diagrams of the method, the device (system), and the computerprogram product according to the embodiments of this application. Itshould be understood that computer program instructions may be used toimplement each process and/or each block in the flowcharts and/or theblock diagrams and a combination of a process and/or a block in theflowcharts and/or the block diagrams. These computer programinstructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicatedcomputer, an embedded processor, or a processor of any otherprogrammable data processing device to generate a machine, so that theinstructions executed by a computer or a processor of any otherprogrammable data processing device generate an apparatus forimplementing a specific function in one or more processes in theflowcharts and/or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

These computer program instructions may be stored in a computer-readablememory that can instruct the computer or any other programmable dataprocessing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructionsstored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact thatincludes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implementsa specific function in one or more processes in the flowcharts and/or inone or more blocks in the block diagrams.

These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a computer oranother programmable data processing device, so that a series ofoperations and steps are performed on the computer or the anotherprogrammable device, to generate computer-implemented processing.Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the anotherprogrammable device provide steps for implementing a specific functionin one or more processes in the flowcharts and/or in one or more blocksin the block diagrams.

Although some embodiments of this application have been described,persons skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to theseembodiments once they learn the basic inventive concept. Therefore, thefollowing claims are intended to be construed as to cover the preferredembodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scopeof this application.

Obviously, persons skilled in the art can make various modifications andvariations to the embodiments of this application without departing fromthe scope of the embodiments of this application. This application isintended to cover these modifications and variations provided that theyfall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims andtheir equivalent technologies.

What is claimed is:
 1. A polar code coding method, comprising:obtaining, by a coding apparatus, K to-be-coded bits; determining amother code length N; determining a first sequence from at least onepolar code construction sequence based on a coding parameter, whereinthe first sequence consists of serial numbers of L polarized channels,the serial numbers are arranged in an ascending or a descending order ofreliability of the polarized channels, K, L and N are positive integers,L is equal to K or N, K is less than or equal to N, and N is one of thefollowing values: 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024; placing the K to-be-codedbits based on serial numbers of K polarized channels determined based onthe first sequence, and performing polar coding on the to-be-coded bits,to obtain a coded bit sequence; and outputting the coded bit sequence.2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the serial numbers of the Kpolarized channels determined based on the first sequence are determinedbased on at least one of a rate matching scheme and a reliability order.3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sequence is all ora subsequence of a second sequence, wherein the second sequencecomprises serial numbers of N_(max) polarized channels, the serialnumbers of the N_(max) polarized channels are arranged in the secondsequence in an ascending or a descending order of reliability of theN_(max) polarized channels, N_(max) is a positive integer, N_(max)=1024,and a reliability order of the serial numbers of the polarized channelsin the first sequence is consistent with a reliability order of serialnumbers, of polarized channels, less than N in the second sequence. 4.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first sequence isprestored.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the firstsequence is used for polar coding of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH)channel, and is stored as [247, 253, 254, 255, 367, 375, 379, 381, 382,383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 463, 469, 470, 471,473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 483, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490, 491,492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506,507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a natural order, wherein the serial numbersthat are of the polarized channels and that correspond to the firstsequence start from
 0. 6. The method according to claim 1, whereinpolarized channels whose serial numbers are [446, 478, 487, 490, 491,492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506,507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in the first sequence are used to place cyclicredundancy check bits.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Kto-be-coded bits comprise cyclic redundancy check bits.
 8. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the K to-be-coded bits comprise paritycheck bits.
 9. The method according to claim 1, after performing polarcoding on the to-be-coded bits, further comprising: performing, based ona target code length, rate matching on the sequence obtained after thepolar coding.
 10. A polar code decoding method, comprising: obtaining,by a decoding apparatus, a to-be-decoded sequence; determining a numberK of to-be-decoded information bits and a mother code length N;determining a first sequence from at least one polar code constructionsequence based on a coding parameter, wherein the first sequenceconsists of serial numbers of L polarized channels, the serial numbersare arranged in an ascending or a descending order of reliability of thepolarized channels, K, L and N are positive integers, L is equal to K orN, K is less than or equal to N, and N is one of the following values:32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024; determining K serial numbers of the Kpolarized channels carrying the K to-be-decoded information bits basedon the first sequence; performing polar decoding on the to-be-decodedsequence based on the K serial numbers and the mother code length N, toobtain a decoded bit sequence, wherein the decoded bit sequencecomprises K information bits; and outputting the decoded bit sequence.11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the serial numbers of theK polarized channels determined based on the first sequence aredetermined based on at least one of a rate matching scheme and areliability order.
 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein thefirst sequence is all or a subsequence of a second sequence, wherein thesecond sequence comprises serial numbers of N_(max) polarized channels,the serial numbers of the N_(max) polarized channels are arranged in thesecond sequence in an ascending or a descending order of reliability ofthe N_(max) polarized channels, N_(max) is a positive integer,N_(max)=1024, and a reliability order of the serial numbers of thepolarized channels in the first sequence is consistent with areliability order of serial numbers, of polarized channels, less than Nin the second sequence.
 13. The method according to claim 10, whereinthe first sequence is prestored.
 14. The method according to claim 10,wherein the first sequence is used for polar decoding of a physicalbroadcast channel (PBCH) channel, and is stored as [247, 253, 254, 255,367, 375, 379, 381, 382, 383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446,447, 463, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 483, 485,486, 487, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501,502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a natural order,wherein the serial numbers that are of the polarized channels and thatcorrespond to the first sequence start from
 0. 15. The method accordingto claim 14, wherein polarized channels whose serial numbers are [446,478, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502,503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in the first sequence areused to place cyclic redundancy check bits.
 16. The method according toclaim 10, wherein the K information bits comprise cyclic redundancycheck bits.
 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the Kinformation bits comprise parity check bits.
 18. A wirelesscommunications system, comprising a transmit end and a receive end,wherein the transmit end is configured to perform: obtaining Kto-be-coded bits; determining a mother code length N; determining afirst sequence from at least one polar code construction sequence basedon a coding parameter, wherein the first sequence consists of serialnumbers of L polarized channels, the serial numbers are arranged in anascending or a descending order of reliability of the polarizedchannels, K, L and N are positive integers, L is equal to K or N, K isless than or equal to N, and N is one of the following values: 32, 64,128, 256, 512, 1024; placing the K to-be-coded bits based on serialnumbers of K polarized channels determined based on the first sequence,and performing polar coding on the to-be-coded bits, to obtain a codedbit sequence; and outputting the coded bit sequence; and the receive endis configured to perform: obtaining a to-be-decoded sequence;determining a number K of to-be-decoded information bits and a mothercode length N; determining a first sequence from at least one polar codeconstruction sequence based on a coding parameter, wherein the firstsequence consists of serial numbers of L polarized channels, the serialnumbers are arranged in an ascending or a descending order ofreliability of the polarized channels, K, L and n are positive integers,L is equal to K or N, K is less than or equal to N, and N is one of thefollowing values: 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024; determining K serialnumbers of the K polarized channels carrying the K to-be-decodedinformation bits based on the first sequence; performing polar decodingon the to-be-decoded sequence based on the K serial numbers and themother code length N, to obtain a decoded bit sequence, wherein thedecoded bit sequence comprises K information bits; and outputting thedecoded bit sequence.
 19. The wireless communications system accordingto claim 18, wherein the first sequence is used for polar decoding of aphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) channel, and is stored as [247, 253,254, 255, 367, 375, 379, 381, 382, 383, 415, 431, 439, 441, 443, 444,445, 446, 447, 463, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479,483, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 497, 498, 499,500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511] in a naturalorder, wherein the serial numbers that are of the polarized channels andthat correspond to the first sequence start from
 0. 20. The wirelesscommunications system according to claim 19, wherein polarized channelswhose serial numbers are [446, 478, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495,497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510,511] in the first sequence are used to place cyclic redundancy checkbits.